Facts on Ebola:
The Ebola virus disease
Key facts (source: WHO website)
In spite of the fact that Liberia, Sierra Leone & Guinea has been declared 'Ebola Free', by the World Health Organization (WHO), the scares of Ebola are still visible and in other to prevent future outbreak, we have chosen to keep this page active with relevant information on Ebola.
Since the outbreak of this deadly disease, thousands of people have lost their lives, hundreds of thousands of people are traumatized and hundreds of thousands are made orphans, widows, traumatized and desperate.
* Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever, is a severe, often fatal illness in humans.
* The virus is transmitted to people from wild animals and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission.* The average EVD case fatality rate is around 50%. Case fatality rates have varied from 25% to 90% in past outbreaks.
* The first EVD outbreaks occurred in remote villages in Central Africa, near tropical rainforests, but the most recent outbreak in west Africa has involved major urban as well as rural areas.
* Community engagement is key to successfully controlling outbreaks. Good outbreak control relies on applying a package of interventions, namely case management, surveillance and contact tracing, a good laboratory service, safe burials and social mobilisation.
* Early supportive care with rehydration, symptomatic treatment improves survival. There is as yet no licensed treatment proven to neutralise the virus but a range of blood, immunological and drug therapies are under development.
* There are currently no licensed Ebola vaccines but 2 potential candidates are undergoing evaluation.
Key facts (source: WHO website)
In spite of the fact that Liberia, Sierra Leone & Guinea has been declared 'Ebola Free', by the World Health Organization (WHO), the scares of Ebola are still visible and in other to prevent future outbreak, we have chosen to keep this page active with relevant information on Ebola.
Since the outbreak of this deadly disease, thousands of people have lost their lives, hundreds of thousands of people are traumatized and hundreds of thousands are made orphans, widows, traumatized and desperate.
* Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever, is a severe, often fatal illness in humans.
* The virus is transmitted to people from wild animals and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission.* The average EVD case fatality rate is around 50%. Case fatality rates have varied from 25% to 90% in past outbreaks.
* The first EVD outbreaks occurred in remote villages in Central Africa, near tropical rainforests, but the most recent outbreak in west Africa has involved major urban as well as rural areas.
* Community engagement is key to successfully controlling outbreaks. Good outbreak control relies on applying a package of interventions, namely case management, surveillance and contact tracing, a good laboratory service, safe burials and social mobilisation.
* Early supportive care with rehydration, symptomatic treatment improves survival. There is as yet no licensed treatment proven to neutralise the virus but a range of blood, immunological and drug therapies are under development.
* There are currently no licensed Ebola vaccines but 2 potential candidates are undergoing evaluation.
Background:
The Ebola virus causes an acute, serious illness which is often fatal if untreated. Ebola virus disease (EVD) first appeared in 1976 in 2 simultaneous outbreaks, one in Nzara, Sudan, and the other in Yambuku, Democratic Republic of Congo. The latter occurred in a village near the Ebola River, from which the disease takes its name. The current outbreak in west Africa, (first cases notified in March 2014), is the largest and most complex Ebola outbreak since the Ebola virus was first discovered in 1976. There have been more cases and deaths in this outbreak than all others combined. It has also spread between countries starting in Guinea then spreading across land borders to Sierra Leone and Liberia, by air (1 traveller only) to Nigeria, and by land (1 traveller) to Senegal. The most severely affected countries, Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia have very weak health systems, lacking human and infrastructural resources, having only recently emerged from long periods of conflict and instability. On August 8, the WHO Director-General declared this outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. A separate, unrelated Ebola outbreak began in Boende, Equateur, an isolated part of the Democratic Republic of Congo. The virus family Filoviridae includes 3 genera: Cuevavirus, Marburgvirus, and Ebolavirus. There are 5 species that have been identified: Zaire, Bundibugyo, Sudan, Reston and Taï Forest. The first 3, Bundibugyo ebolavirus, Zaire ebolavirus, and Sudan ebolavirus have been associated with large outbreaks in Africa. The virus causing the 2014 west African outbreak belongs to the Zaire species. |
Prevention and control:
Good outbreak control relies on applying a package of interventions, namely case management, surveillance and contact tracing, a good laboratory service, safe burials and social mobilization. Community engagement is key to successfully controlling outbreaks. Raising awareness of risk factors for Ebola infection and protective measures that individuals can take is an effective way to reduce human transmission. Risk reduction messaging should focus on several factors: Reducing the risk of wildlife-to-human transmission from contact with infected fruit bats or monkeys/apes and the consumption of their raw meat. Animals should be handled with gloves and other appropriate protective clothing. Animal products (blood and meat) should be thoroughly cooked before consumption. Reducing the risk of human-to-human transmission from direct or close contact with people with Ebola symptoms, particularly with their bodily fluids. Gloves and appropriate personal protective equipment should be worn when taking care of ill patients at home. Regular hand washing is required after visiting patients in hospital, as well as after taking care of patients at home. Outbreak containment measures including prompt and safe burial of the dead, identifying people who may have been in contact with someone infected with Ebola, monitoring the health of contacts for 21 days, the importance of separating the healthy from the sick to prevent further spread, the importance of good hygiene and maintaining a clean environment. |
There are a number of challenges that we will have to address especially in the recently ebola stricken nations of Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea which are a part of the Mano River Union. These are post-ebola challenges that needs urgent attention as they are crucial to ensuring sustainable peace and development.
